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presidential memorandum
A presidential memorandum is a type of executive instrument typically issued by the President of the United States to manage and govern the actions, practices and policies of the various departments and agencies found under the executive branch of the United States government. Presidential memoranda and executive orders appear to be very closely related, if not identical. However, the lack of a definition for either of these mechanisms has made it difficult to make a clear distinction between them.〔 Neither the executive memorandum or order was present in the U.S. Constitution.〕 Presidential memoranda are generally considered less prestigious than executive orders. Presidential memoranda do not have an established process for issuance or publication.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = SDSU Library & Information Access )〕
There are three types of memorandum: presidential determination or presidential finding, memorandum of disapproval, and hortatory memorandum.〔
==History==
In the past, presidential memoranda have been referred to as presidential letters.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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